- c = f
EM waves - i = r Law of reflection
- n = c/v Refractive index
- n1sin i = n2 sin r Law of refraction (Snell's law)
- Total Internal Reflection (TIR): when n1 > n 2 and i > ic (critical angle) where sin i c = n2/n1
- h' = h(nair/nmedium) Apparent Depth
- Spherrical mirrors
1/f = 1/p + 1/q Mirror formula
r =2f
m = -q/p Magnification ( |m| = (image size)/(object size) ) - Thin lenses
1/f = 1/p + 1/q Lens formula
m = -q/p Magnification ( |m| = (image size)/(object size) )
1/f = (nL/nm - 1)(1/R1 + 1/R 2) Lensmakers formula - Sign conventions
+
f -concave(m), converging(l)
p,q - real
m - upright
R1,R2 - convex surfaces
-
f - convex(m), diverging(l)
p,q - virtual
m - inverted
R1,R2 - convcave surfaces
Flat surface, R is infinite (vey large) - Image formation in mirrors and lenses via characteristic rays
- E = hf
Photon
energy
- hf = (KE)e- + ø Photoelectric effect
- = h/p = h/mv
deBroglie wavelength (particle
waves)
- rn = n2 r1 En = E1 /n2 Hydrogen atom
- hf = E1 (1/n2 - 1/m
2) m>n
m,n = 1,2,3,....
Atomic Spectra
= c/f